Towards governance abstraction: Understanding a “friendly” way to manage DAOs

These days people like to call for the death of decentralized autonomous organizations, aka DAOs. Just like they do for cryptocurrencies. It’s pretty easy to find fault with groups and money. Especially on the Internet.

But the real idea behind DAOs is that people don’t need to trust each other to make decisions as a group, for better or worse, using their own code.

Ross Campbell is a legal engineer and lead developer for LexDAO and KALI, as well as being a corporate lawyer.

For this simple reason, I am bullish on DAOs. The current way we govern things does not seem definitive at all. The coordination space cannot end the day.

But DAO They have a lot of room for improvement. They optimized security at the right time, but in my opinion they didn’t foresee their own success. Self-custody and resilience are great, but so is being usable.

See also: Technical evolution and institutional interest of Ethereum

Usability issues in DAOs are not unique and are common to other blockchain applications. Mainly, users don’t want to hold volatile gas tokens or deal with hobbyist UX. They needed a useful abstraction.

So far the temporary solution in DAOs has been to allow voting delegation. While this simplifies things and makes governance cheaper (lots of votes in a transaction), it starts to look like politics. The driving force of apathy is difficult to ignore: people cannot afford to cast votes on level 1 or even on scalable levels 2; and there is a lack of flexibility regarding initializing governance and, more importantly, modifying it.

It seems like a lot of DAOs go away and we only really hear about them when they get hacked or make silly spending decisions that no one seemed to want.

Each DAO design also tends to be monolithic, partly for simplicity of development, but also to provide a Schelling point to solve for some of the problems mentioned above.

People are being asked to understand not only blockchain and how to use it, but also high-risk governance systems. So are we surprised that they aren’t enthusiastic about DAOs?

So, there is more or less a gap between the group’s intent and the group’s results.

To be productive about it (in the spirit of we have the technology), it is my belief and recommendation that more people will consider governing more actively in DAOs, and DAOs would therefore be a more powerful feature of daily life if the effort in creating group accounts and making decisions on-chain were truly secondary to their goals.

This is what I will friendly call “governance abstraction” (GOA). I use this term to accommodate the attention paid by developers and advocates in the blockchain space to “account abstraction” (AA), which seeks to simplify the blockchain user experience itself through smart contract accounts (“smart accounts”). .

In other words, you won’t know that you’re using a blockchain. Because in some cases you can codify your relationships with other users (like a DAO) effortlessly.

GOA and “DAO delivery” in line with this trend will be achieved with two main developments.

First, the migration of blockchain users to smart accounts. This will eliminate any issues with using gas to participate in DAOs. Users will be able to pay network costs in any currency and, in many cases, be sponsored or even rewarded for voting. This update alone will increase participation and legitimacy of the DAO.

It’s also true that account abstraction won’t fully work without some form of GOA. The risks of self-custody are simply too great without the involvement of more programmable rules and guardians.

Likewise, delegation in DAOs will not disappear in this trend towards abstraction, but users will have much more influence over how their votes will be used. For example, GOA can enable scoped delegations guarded by smart account plugins, executed by agents (e.g., only use my votes to one day, or, vote no on any proposal made by Alice). These agents may or may not be real people. Or they could be a market (another topic entirely).

Second, implementing governance models such as singleton smart contract installations will collapse much of the duplicate DAO code that makes it difficult for developers and users to reason about group ownership on blockchains. Build away from the monoliths towards a bazaar of primitives.

After all, is it really true that the blockchain ecosystem needs another DAO factory? What I suggest instead to DAO advocates is this: Let’s all embrace an intelligent account pipeline for grouping accounts. Let’s do this right for now.

Of course, there will be unique patterns and edge cases in governance design, but we need to repackage these as installations and not complete upgrades that impact custody. The App Store mentality is our friend.

See also: MetaMask’s Secret Project Could Shake Up How Ethereum Users Interact with Blockchain

And similarly: we must treat DAO users not like our users, locked into a platform on something as inherently sovereign as the idea of ​​DAO, but as partners to strengthen our data sources and collective sovereignty. A singleton and interoperability standard for DAOs, similar to tokenization interfaces, will allow users to move between apps and map their intents to accounts much better. This makes DAOs interesting again. Because group ownership is intrinsically interesting and useful.

To start demonstrating how GOA can work in practice, I released yesterday Dagon, a smart contract for governance abstraction today on the Ethereum blockchain and Optimism L2. It is my proposal to the Moloch DAO community of developers and game designers, but also to the broader coordination scene and ERC4337-AA enthusiasts. Let’s build all the things and make sure they’re super usable together.

One last thing I can predict is that L2 will be an active laboratory here to arrive at the best results for users. Aspects of account abstraction, such as the ERC4337 EntryPoint itself, are already suggested hot spots on topics such as gas transfer, while other proposals, such as ERC3074, promise more native ways to turn accounts into smart contracts.

GOA and the Dagon setup project represent a start in this direction by allowing any standard smart account (supporting at least ERC-1271) to be governed by any token (ERC-20/721/1155/6909). Version Zero (V0) will be in alpha testing for Q1, also serving as a more immediate backend for smart accounts looking to start integrating, with a public beta and migration app for existing DAOs planned for the second quarter following a private release at ETH Denver in early March.

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